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33  WE&T  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notes  techniques  at  bibliographi 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


[~Tj    Coloured  covers/ 
IVJ    Couverture  de  couleur 

I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommag^e 

□    Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^  et/ou  pelliculAe 

□    Cover  title  missing/ 
La  titre  de  couverture  manque 

□    Coloured  maps/ 
Cartes  giiographiques  en  couleur 

□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

□    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illuatratinna  an  <»niilAi 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli*  avec  d'autres  documents 


D 


D 


D 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

Lareliure  serrie  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distorsion  le  long  de  la  marge  int6rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout«es 
lors  dune  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte. 
mais.  lorsque  cela  «tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6ti  film«ss. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmentaires: 


ques 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'fl  lui  a  iti  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
pomt  de  vue  bibliographique.  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  axiger  una 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


D 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 


□    Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 

□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pelliculdes 

0    Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcolor^es,  tacheties  ou  piqu^es 

□Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ditach^es 

HShowthrough/ 
Transparence 

□    Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  in«gale  de  I'impression 

□    Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comorend  du  material  •■■nni^.«.. 


Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


□    Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  ref limed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  iti  filmies  i  nouveau  de  facon  ^ 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu*  ci-dessous. 


10X 


n 


14X 


18X 


22X 

"71 


26X 


30X 


12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


: 


32X 


ire 

details 
es  du 
modifier 
er  une 
filmage 


BS 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — *-  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grSce  d  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

Bibliothdque  nationale  du  Canada 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetd  de  l'exemplaire  film*,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

i 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimde  sont  filmds  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — »-  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  §tre 
filmds  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6.  il  est  filrnd  d  partir 
de  I'angle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  h  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


irrata 
to 


pelure, 
n  d 


3 


32X 


1  2  3 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

AN  ACCOUNT  OF  VARIOUS 


Silver  and  Copper  Medals 


PRESENTED  TO  THE  NORTH  AMERICAN   INDIANS 

BY  THE  SOVEREIGNS  OF  ENGLAND.  FRANCE. 

AND  SPAIN,  FROM  1600  to  1800, 

AND  ESPECIALLY  OF  FIVE  SUCH   MEDALS  OF  GEORGE  I.  OF 

GREAT  BRITAIN,  NOW  IN  THE  POSSESSION  OF  THE 

WYOMING  HISTORICAL  AND  GEOLOGICAL 

SOCIETY,  AND  ITS  MEMBERS. 


READ  BEFORE  THE 


WYOMING  HISTORICAL  AND  GEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY, 

SEPTEMBER  12,  1885, 
By  Rev.  Horace  Edwin  Hayden, 

Curator  of  Numismatics. 


REPRINTED  FROM  PART  2,  VOL.  11.  OF  THE  PROCEEDINOS  OF  THE  SOCIETY. 


WILKBS-BARKE,  PA. 
1886. 


-4, 


AN  ACCOUNT  OF  VARIOUS 


Silver  and  Copper  Medals 


PRESENTED  TO  THE  NORTH  AMERICAN   INDIANS 

BY  THE  SOVEREIGNS  OF  ENGLAND.  FRANCE. 

AND  SPAIN.  FROM  1600  to  1800, 


<  i 


AND  ESPECIALLY  OF  FIVE  SUCH   MEDALS  OF  GEORGE  I.  OF 

GREAT  BRITAIN,  NOW  IN  THE  POSSESSION  OF  THE 

WYOMING  HISTORICAL  AND  GEOLOGICAL 

SOCIETY,  AND  ITS  MEMBERS. 


READ  BEFORE  THE 


WYOMING  HISTORICAL  AND  GEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 

SEPTEMBER  12,  1885, 
By  Rev.  Horace  Edwin  Hayden, 

Curator  of  Numismatics. 


REPRINTEU  FROM  PART  2,  VOL.  II.  OF  THE  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  SOCIETY. 


>WII.KBS-BARKE.  PA. 
1886. 


i  I 


T 


0- 


■m: 


•i ' 


\\ 


AN  ACCOUNT  OF  VARIOUS 


Silver  and  Copper  Medals 


PRESENTED  TO  THE  NORTH  AMERICAN  INDIANS 

BY  THE  SOVEREIGNS  OF  ENGLAND,  FRANCE 

AND  SPAIN.  FROM  1600  to  1800, 

AND  ESPECIALLY  OF  FIVE  SUCH   MEDALS  OF  GEORGE  I    OF 

GREAT  BRITAIN.  NOW  IN  THE  POSSESSION  OF  THE 

WYOMING  HISTORICAL  AND  GEOLOGICAL 

SOCIETY,  AND  ITS  MEMBERS. 


READ   BEFORE  THE 

WVOMING  HISTORICAL  AND  GEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY 

SEPTEMBER  12,  1885, 


By  Rev.  Horace  Edwin  Hayden, 

CuKATOR  OP  Numismatics. 


REPRINTED  FROM  PART  2,  VOL.  II.  OF  THE  PROCEEDINGS 


OK  THE  SOCIETY. 


WILKES-BARRE,   PA. 

1886. 


% 


/■  f 


COPYRICHI'KI)    1886. 


This  Paper  docs  not  pretend  to  be  exhaustive  of  the 
subject.     It  was  prepared  with  limited  resources,  and  still 
more  limited  time,  but  with  no  view  to  publication,  although 
the  Society  before  which  it  was  read  has  deemed  it  worthy 
a  p.ace  m  its  printed  proceedings.     If  it  will  aid  some  lover 
of  the  science  of  Numismatics,  with  larger  opportunities,  to 
treat  of  the  subject  in  e.tenso,  the  writer  of  it  will  be  more 
than  repaid  for  his  effort.    For  this  purpose  also  he  suggest, 
as  ofifermg  scope  for  an  exceedingly  interesting  paper  the 
subject  of  the  medals  struck  by  the  United  States  Mmt'and 
presented  by  each  President  of  the  United  States,  succes- 
sively, to  the  Indians  within  the  territory  of  the  United  States 
from  1784-1884. 

Wilkes-Barre,  Pa.,  1886. 


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VARIOUS  SILVER  AND  COPPER  MEDALS 

Presented  to  the  American  Indians  by  the  Sovereigns 
OF  England.  France,  and  Spain,  from  1600  to  1800 

AND  especially  OF  FIVE  SUCH  MeDALS  OF  GeORGE  I.,  OF 

Great  Britain,  now  in  the  possession  of  the  Wyoming 
Historical  and  Geological  Society  and  its  members. 

This  paper  is  the  result  of  the  discovery  that  five  such 
medals  exist  m  our  valley.  One  in  the  possession  of  the 
Wyoming  H,storical  and  Geological  Society ;  one  in  the 
possession  of  Master  Dcnison  Stearns;  one  in  the  cabinet 
of  Hon.  Steuben  Jenkins,  of  Wyoming,  and  two  belonging 
to  my  own  numismatic  cabinet. 

I  have  long  had  in  mind  the  preparation  of  an  exhaustive 
paper  on  the  subject  of  the  medals  which  the  various  nations 
of  Europe  whose  colonies  have  existed  on  American  soil 
have  issued  to  the  North  American  Indians  since  1600.  Bu^ 
he  difficulty  of  gaining  access  to  the  needed  authorities,  has 
so  far  deterred  me.  I  take  occasion,  however,  in  treating 
upon  the  special  subject  of  this  paper,  to  present  to  thi^ 
Society  such  historical  and  medallic  data  as  I  have  been  able 
to  discover  in  my  own  library. 

The  continent  of  America  was  discovered  by  the  Cabots 
under  Enghsh  auspices,  in  1497,  five  years  after  the  dis-' 
covery,  by  Columbus,  of  the  West  Indies. 
In  15 12  the  Spanish  flag  floated  over  the  soil  of  Florida 

Gul?M.  LL^elc?  '''  "^^  ^'^"^'  ^"  ''^''--  °^^^^ 
Thus,  in  less  than  forty  years,  three  of  the  great  powers 

New  wTld    '^"  '''''  '''''''''  ^°^  ''^  -P--^^n  ^ 


-i-^i 


'    r 


SILVER  ANP  COPPF.R  MEDALS. 


In  1578  .111(1  1584  Elizabeth  granted  a  patent  to  Sir 
Humphrey  Gilbert  and  Sir  Walter  Raleigh.  The  first  took 
possession  of  Newfoundland,  and  the  second  of  Virginia, 
within  one  year  of  each  other,  with  the  purpose  of  forming 
permanent  settlements. 

It  was  not  until  1603  that  France  conferred  similar  privi- 
1  leges  on  any  of  her  subjects ;  then  she  granted  Acadia  to 
^  1     do  Mont|. 

These  events  may  appear  to  be  anything  but  pertinent  to 
the  matter  under  consideration ;  and  yet,  out  of  these  dis- 
tant beginnings  grew  the  medals  whose  history  I  desire  to 
record.  Parkman,  in  his  charming  volumes  on  the  early 
American  colonies,  shows  how  those  of  "  France  and  I'^ng- 
land  grew  up  to  maturity  under  widely  different  auspices." 
The  one,  nursed  and  petted  by  the  royal  government, 
became  enervated,  and  languished  ;  the  other,  neglected  and 
outcast,  grew  as  a  giant  from  the  very  necessities  of  the  case. 

But  France  and  Rome  were  one.  The  religious  element 
which  the  Romish^  church  fostered  and  controlled  in  the 
French,  made  the  colonists  aggressive  for  the  cross,  rather 
than  for  the  crown.  Their  Romish  priests,  "  burning  with 
zeal  to  make  new  conquests  for  the  church,  penetrated  the 
deserts  of  the  New  World  and  braved  death  in  a  thousand 
forms  to  baptize  a  child  ;  glad  to  die  a  martyr's  death  if  one 
soul  could  be  thereby  gained  to  the  church  by  this  nomi- 
nal conversion."  "  The  zealous  fathers  reckoned  the  num- 
ber of  conversions  by  the  number  of  baptisms,  and,  as 
Le  Clercq  observes,  with  no  less  truth  than  candor,  '  an 
Indian  would  be  baptized  ten  times  a  day  for  a  pint  of 
brandy  or  a  pound  of  tobacco.'  "  But  the  result  of  all  this 
was  a  closer  relation  with  the  Indian  tribes  of  America  and 
a  rapid  growth  of  commercial  intercourse  between  the 
Indians  and  French  traders,  who  always  followed  the  track 
of  the  Jesuits. 

Thus  the  commercial    and  political  influence  over  the 


1' 


SILVER  AND  COITEIR  MEDAls,  . 

In.lian  tribes  bclo„);ccl  almost  entirely  to  the  I.VencI,  eolo- 
nies.     Conscio„s    of  her  power,   France    was   anxious  to 
mcrcasc  ,t,  as  s_l,e  witnessed  the   growth   of  the  Kn^Ush 
colon,es  m  number  and  prosperity.     She  foresaw  the  future 
stru,Klcs  between  the  two  nations  for   existence  „„  ,,  e 
American  conlm.,.nt,  and  did  all  she  could  to  weaken  the 
lnd,anfa,th  in  English  honor  and  increase  her  own  powt: 
over  these    heathen    tribes.     Kn„land.  jealous  of  France 
made  s.m.lar  efforts  to  secure  the  friendship  „,  those  tr  be^ 
w  ,ch  surrounded  her  settlements.     The  Indian  always  it 
a  babe  ,„  knowledffe,  and  as  much  charmed  by  a  str^n"of 
S  ass  beads  as  a  child  is  with  a  new  toy  ;  and  this  sus  ""p^. 
b.l.ty  was  appealed  to,  by  both   France  and  England     „ 
annual  presents  of  trinkets,  an.l  gaudy  cloths,  sfto  ,he 
vanous  ,r,be.s  m  order  to  strengthen  their  attachment    The 
agents  of  each  nation  vied  with  each  other  in  purcha,  1 
^at,e.s  of  alliance  with  their  savage   neighbors'    Tr,eh^ 
ecus  by  nature,  as  well  as  by  habit,  .so  great  wa    the 
,nst.abd,ty  of  these  allies  that  constant  vigilance  wa  Tece  ! 

tlie  r  contrac  s.     Every  means  was  used  to  make  the  Indian 
r^  .e  h,,  o  hgation  to  the  nation  with  which  he  had  n 
treaties.     !•  ngland  early  set  the  example  of  delighting  the 
vanity  of  the  savage  and  binding  him  to  her  .sCort  bv 
hanging  around  his  neck  medallic  trinkets.     Ontteprin 
cp le  that  he  ,,  our  master  whose  livery  we  wear,  she  decked 
uch  Indian  chiefs  as  she  desired  to  conciliate  and  win  ,o 
her  al  e    ance,  with  in.signia  of  her  power,  in  brilliant     ven 
buch  a  badge  raised  the  chief  greatly  in  the  estimation  of 
his  own  tribe,  and  made  him  the  e„v/of  his  co" 

I  cannot  ascertain  at  what  period  the  French  be-an  to 
reward  their  Indian  neighbors  and  allies  with  stmillr 
medallic  honors.  But  they  were  not  behind  the  Eriish 
m  this  means  of  binding  the  uncertain  element  which 
surrounded   their  settlements.     That  tendency  of   h™a' 


n~*" 


II 


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M 


8 


SILVER  AND  COPPER  MEDALS, 


nature  which  our  Constitution  recognizes  when  it  forbids 
citizens  who  hold  uffice  under  the  government  receiving 
any   present,   reward,   or  tiue   from    any   foreign    power, 
belonged  as  much  to  the  red  man  as  to  the  white.     He 
seemed  to  know  instinctively  that  wearing  the  royal  honors 
of  a  foreign  power  was  virtually  paying  tribute  and  acknow- 
ledging allegiance  to  that  power.     But  it  is  evident  that  the 
Indian  thought  his  allegiance  was  limited  sim.ply  to  the 
time  during  which  he  permitted  that  silver  disc  to  lie  on  his 
breast,  and  that  when  h-  parted  with  it  or  lost  it,  his  alle- 
giance was  ended.     French  and  English  alike  played  fast 
a'-"^    loose   with   them  in   this    matter.     Whenever   either 
nation  made  treaties  with  the  Indians,  and  especially  those 
tribes  that  had  formerly  been  under  the  influence  of  any 
other  foreign  power,  one  of  the  first  demands  made  of  the 
tribes  was  the  surrenderor  all  medals  given  by,  or  bearing  the 
insignia  of,  any  other  kirig  or  nationality.     Thus  also  when 
the  United  States  purchased  the  Northwest  Territory  from 
France,  Lieutenant  Pike,  of  the  United  States  Army,  was  at 
once  sent  up  the  Great  River  to  proclaim  the  authority  of 
the  United  States,  which  he  did,  partly  in  demanding  the 
surrender  of  all  foreign    medals  in  the  possession  of  the 
Indian  tribes,  and  by  exacting  from  the  British  and  French 
agents  a  promise  that  they  would  henceforth  make  no  more 
such  presentations. 

A  similar  precautionary  movement  was  made  during  the 
late  w^r  between  the  states.  Fearing  the  interposition  of  the 
English  government,  in  recognizing  and  aiding  the  Confed- 
erate Slates  of  America,  the  United  States  Indian  agents 
were  ordered  to  search  among  the  Indian  tribes  for  foreign 
medals,  demand  their  surrender,  and  give  American  medals 
in  their  stead.  One  of  these  medals  thus  obtained  from 
Menomonee  chiefs,  at  this  time,  is  preserved  in  the  Wiscon- 
sin Historical  Society  ( Wis.  His.  Col.,  vol.  IX.,  p,  124).  A  sec- 
ond copyfexists  in  the  collection  of  the  United  States  mint. 


: 

I'l 


no  more 


SILVER  AND  COPPEK  MEDALS. 

The  firot  medal  having  any  reference  to  the  American 
.nd:an,  of  which  I  have  found  any  account,  is  that  oh 

Pamunky  Indian  medal." 

Captain  John  Smith,  in  his  History  of  Virginia,  for  which 
part  of  Amenca  he  set  sail  in  1603.  says  :  "  Foure^eene  mi  es 
Northward  from  the  river  Powhatan  is  the  river  Pamavnkee 
which  IS  navigable  60  or  70  myles.  *  *  *  1/ 
the  ordinary  flowing  of  the  salt  water,  it  divideth  itselfe  into 
two   gallant   branches.      *      *       *     ^.^^   ^,  .     ""'.^  '"^.^ 

divided  .he  Coun,^  is  called  Pa.avTCnd  ISet'a 

neare  300  able  men."  (Vo/.  I  p  iij)  '""nsneth 

Again  he  says:  "The  fourdi  river  "is  called  Patawomeke 
6  or  7  myles  in  breadth.       *       *       *       Tf  ;,  ;„u  w.T 
both  sides.     First,  on  the  South  side,  at  l:::^;^tZ 
IS  Wighcocomoco.  and  hath  some  130  men  &c    and  the 
Patawomekes  more  than  200."  {Vol  I  p  i^g) 

It  was  the  Xing  of  Pamunky  whom  Captain  Smith  took 
prisoner  in  1608.  ^ 

In  the  course  of  timo  these  various  Indian  tribes  that  lay 
neai  the  Jamestown  settlement  became  as  the  Philistines  to 
Israel,  "  a  thorn  in  the  flesh,"  and  frequent  collision  took 
place  between  them  and  the  colonists 

^!^IT'  f  "■  '^'  ^''''  '^^''''^'^  ^y  '^'  I"di^n«.  in  which 
347  colonists  were  slain,  a  general   effort  was   made   to 

exterminate  the  savages,  an  expedition  being  sent  against 

the  Pamunkies,  with  the  others.     These  continual  conflicts 

while  they  did  no^  exterminate,  greatly  reduced  the  num' 

Plct  ^,y'°r'^'"^^-     ^"  ^^-  Beverly  estimates  tha  "Tn 
Prince  William  s  county  Pamunkie  has  about  thirty  bow 
men,  who  decrease."  ^     °^' 

There  is  in  the  possession  of  Dr.  M  P  Scott  nf  P.u- 
more,  Maryland,  a  silver  shield,   cblg  fn  sL'    l;; 

t.o„  .     aa^ks  II.,  K.„g  of  Engla,ui,  Scotland,  Frame,  Irt- 


!  r 


'*    ' 


rp* 


10 


SILVER  AND  COPPER  MEDALS. 


¥ 


land,  and  Virginia"  Within  this  legend  are  the  four 
quarterings  of  the  royal  house,  the  lion,  the  flenr  de  lis,  the 
thistle,  and  the  harp ;  while  in  one  corner  there  is  a  figure 
supposed  to  be  the  tobacco  plant,  representing  Virginia.  The 
quarterings  are  surrounded  by  the  garter,  and  the  legend, 
"  Honi  Soit,"  etc.  Below  the  central  disc  is  an  oblong  surface 
with  the  inscription,  "  The  Queen  of  Pamunky."  Above 
the  disc  is  the  figure  of  the  crown  of  Great  Britain. 
Attached  to  the  back  are  five  rings,  to  be  used  in  fastening 
the  medal.  This  medal  was  bought  from  the  Indians  at 
Fredericksburg,  and  is  said  to  be  in  very  fine  order. 

A  somewhat  similar  medal  was  presented  to  the  Virginia 
Historical  Society  in  1835,  bearing  the  legend,  "  Ye  King  of 
Pamunkie,"  and  is  described  as  "  a  badge  which  the  laws  of 
the  colony  of  Virginia  at  one  time  compelled  the  Indians  to 
wear  when  they  came  within  the  limits  of  the  white  man's 
settlements."  The  reason  of  which  is  thus  set  forth  in  the 
Act  itself,  viz.:     xi/?.-'  >^<  <."^^  '?.;/?  ..<^  Z'?^^/ 

"  And  because  an  intervall  betweene  the  Indians  and 
English  cannot  in  the  present  nearnesse  of  seating  be  soe 
laid  out  as  may  wholly  secure  the  English  from  the  Indians 
comemgdind^\\kr'mg,&icy{Hening's  Stat.,  vol  II.,  p.  14.1) 

Mr.  R.  A.  Brock,  the  learned  Secretary  of  the  Virginia 
Historical  Society,  reports  a  tracing  of  a  third  medal,  once 
the  property  of  the  Society,  and  described  as  of  an  irreg- 
ular oval  form,  bearing  the  inscription,  "  Ye  King  of—''  on 
the  obverse  side  of  the  planchet,  and  " Patomeck"  on  the 
reverse.  On  the  obverse  is  a  representation  of  a  tobacco 
plant.  These  medals  were  doubtless  all  given  by  the  crown 
as  tokens  of  amity  and  a  seal  of  allegiance. 

The  earliest  official  record  that  I  have  been  able  to  dis- 
cover of  the  issue  of  medals  to  the  Indian  tribes  of  America, 
is  found  in  the  "  Propositions  made  by  His  Excellency, 
Robert   Hunter,  Captain   General  and  Governor  of  New 


V  '\ 


SILVER  AND  COPPER  MEDALS. 


II 


1st 


In  his  address 


York,  to  the  Sachem  of  the  Five  Nations  " 
i6,  1710.  during  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne 
Governor  Hunter  says : 

"Your  brethren  who  have  been  in  England,  and  have 
seen  the  great  queen  and  her  court,  have  no  doubt  informed 
you  how  vam  and  groundless  the  French  boasting  has  been 
a^l  along;  how  our  great  Queen's  Armies  have  year  after 
Year  routed  all  his  forces,  taken  his  Townes,  and  is  at^s 
tune  near  h.s  prmcipal  town  and  seat  of  Government.     Her 
Majesty  has  sent  them,  as  a  pledge  of  ^..  protection  and  as 
a  memorial  to  them  of  their  fidelity,  a  ntedall  for  each 
nation    with  her  Royal  Effigies  on  one  side,  and  the  I^t 
gamed  battle  on  the  other,  which,  as  such,  sh^  desires  m^y 
be  kept  in  your  respective  Castles  forever.     She  has  also 
sent  her  Picture  in  sil.er.  twenty  to  each  nation,  to  be  giV 

I  )l^  ^.  Tr ''  '°  "'  ^°''"  ^^°"^  ^^^''-  "^<^ks  as  a  token 
that  they  should  always  be  in  readiness  to  fight  under  he^ 
Banner  against  the  Common  Enemy."  {Col.  His.  N.  K,  vol. 

r.,  p.  222.^ 

To  this  address  the  sachems  of  the  Five  Nations  made 
this  reply,  which  bears  marks  of  having  been  written  by  the 
agent  who  delivered  the  proposition  of  the  governor- 

The  Great  Queen  of  England  has  been  pleased,  as  a 
Pledge  of  her  Protection,  to  send  each  of  our' nation  a 
Medall,  with  her  royal  Effigies  on  the  one  side  and  y  last 
gained  battle  on  the  other,  which  we  have  received  with  al 
the  satisfaction  Imaginable,  and  will  keep  them  ever  in  our 
castles,  and  bring  the  same  down  when  any  public  and 
solemn  Conferences  are  to  be  held,  to  show  the  same  We 
are  also  very  thankful  for  the  20  pieces  of  silver  she  has 
been  pleased  to  send  to  each  nation,  with  her  picture  upon 

them,  which  our  chief  captains  shall  wear  about  their  necks 
and  shall  always  be  ready  to  fight  under  her  banner  against 
the  common  enemy."  {Col.  His.  N.  Y.,  vol.  V.  p  224) 
I  can  find  no  mention  of  these  medals  in  any  volume  on 


1?; 


I^o*^--* 


12 


SILVER  AND  COPPER  MEDALS. 


the  subject  of  numismatics.  I  judge  the  silver  pieces,  with 
the  Queen's  effigy  upon  them,  to  have  been  Queen  Anne 
crown  pieces.  The  coins  of  this  queen  were  executed  with 
remarkable  skill. 

The  medals  were,  I  judge,  from  the  language  of  Governor 
Hunter,  commemorative  of  the  last  victory  of  the  English 
over  European  enemies.  They  were  doubtless  the  silver 
medals  struck  in  memory  of  the  capture  of  Tournay,  in  1709, 
with  Queen  Anne's  bust  on  the  obverse,  and  on  the  reverse, 
Pallas,  seated,  holding  a  shield  and  a  mural  crown  on  a 
spear;  size,  25-16.  It  will  be  seen  at  once  that  these  were 
not  what  may  properly  be  called  Indian  peace  medals, 
because  no  reference  to  the  Indians  occurs  on  the  pieces. 

George  I.  succeeded  Queen  Anne,  17 14.  Meanwhile 
France,  led  into  intimate  intercourse  with,  and  knowledge 
of,  the  Indians,  through  the  Jesuit  fathers  and  the  Canadian 
fur-traders,  was  quietly  stretching  out  her  arm  and  grasping 
all  the  territory  that  lay  south  of  the  lakes  and  establishing 
military  posts  at  various  points,  contrary  to  the  treaty  of 
Utrecht,  in  which  she  agreed  not  to  invade  the  lands  of  the 
Indian  allies  of  Great  Britain. 

About  17 16  Governor  Spottswood,  of  Virginia,  made  his 
expedition  to  the  trans-montane  region  of  Virginia,  and 
organized  his  famous  "  Knights  of  the  Golden  Horseshoe." 
On  this  expedition  he  discovered  the  military  occupations 
of  France,  and  advised  the  English  government,  wisely 
suggesting  that  a  chain  of  forts  be  built  across  to  the  Ohio, 
and  that  settlements  be  formed  here  and  there,  to  prevent 
the  encroachments  of  France.  To  this  advice  the  Crown 
paid  no  attention,  nor  did  it  awake  to  the  necessity  of  adopt- 
ing the  wise  plan  of  the  Governor  until  nearly  a  half  century 
later. 

Meanwhile  England  and  her  Indian  allies  were  peaceably 
pursuing  the  even  tenor  of  their  ways.  Possibly  this  state 
of  affairs  may  account  for  the  fact  that  the  medals  which 


SILVEK  AND  COPPER  MEDALS.  ,, 

George  I  presented  to  the  Indians  were  made  of  base  metal 
mstead  of  s.lver;  and  from  the  device  upon  the  rZsesil' 

rrS^^rue^sr^^--"^'^'"--"' 

espt-  .tSert  1°;::-J-- '•'=f-''atbear^^^ 
Indians.  Each  of  the  fonr^^dll:  wLr  h^ ^ese^  ^ 
your  exam,nat,on,  contains  on  the  .W.    he  bus    of 

mg  me  deer.     Two  of  these  medals  have  a  historic  con 
nect,on  that  ,s  interesting.     Those  which   belonrto  °  J 
own  cabinet  were  discovered  about  rSc«  Jn  ,u    u\      .^ 
Ohio  river,  at  Point  PleasantW    II'  '  ^^"^  ^^*^" 

Logan  Cornstallc,  and  Outacite;  a  battle  which  beg™  one 
halfanhourbeforesunrise.Octoberin  ,■,-,,        .°'^«''"  »"=- 
almost  Without  cessation,  Lntilt^s    '  h'/re''d:;"","tt 
more  than  probable  that  these  two  medaisTere  ^orn  bv 

tne  a,ght      They  were  presented  to  me  by  the  late  Dr 
Samuel  Glover  Shaw,  of  Point  Pleasant,  from  Ws  verv  rkh 
collection  of  pre-historic  and  Indian  remains      I„7^k 
these  five  medals,  I  will  beirin  wfthThTr         '"*""''>'"g 
the  Society:  ^  "'^'  °"'  belonging  to 

..  WvoMiNG  Medal.-0^..„.,  Military  bust  of  Geor,,e  I 
draped  and  laureated,  facing  right   Legend  "cS;^ 

■^H    f  f  ""'"•     ■^"^  """'  °f  'he  king  is  20-,6  nlZl 
and  .6.,6  across  the  shoulders.    JlLse.  Under  atfee 
to  the  left  stands  a  deer  on  a  hill     T„  .t      ■  ■ 
root  of  the  hill,  stands  anTudi^'witl^atri^lr  *,^ 
m  the  act  of  shoodng  the  deer;  over  all,  «,e  slZ^t 
^ays.     Thmplanchet.     Copper.     Looped.    Size  2s-,6 


^'ii 


|-  K 


\i\ 


H 


SILVER  AND  COPPER  MEDALS. 


*  , 


\f 


ife- 


This  medal  was  included  in  the  Collection  of  Coins, 
Medals,  Minerals,  &c.,  of  Harmon  A.  Chambers,  Carbon- 
dale,  Pa.,  which  was  purchased  and  presented  to  the  Wyo- 
ming Historical  and  Geological  Society  in  1858,  thus  form- 
ing the  nucleus  of  the  valuable  collections  now  owned  by 
this  Society.  The  medal  is  described  in  Mr.  Chambers' 
catalogue  as  "  one  ot  *^he  medals  presented  by  George  I.  to 
the  Chiefs  of  the  Six  Nations  in  1716."  (p.  11). 

As  there  was  no  conference  with  the  Indians  by  any  of 
the  colonies  of  Great  Britain  in  17 16,  Mr.  Chambers'  conclu- 
sions are  merely  conjectural.  It  may  have  been  presented 
at  the  conference  of  the  Governor  of  New  York  and  the 
Six  Nations  in  171 5  or  1 717,  but  in  tlie  very  full  account  of 
those  conferences  no  reference  whatever  is  made  to  this  or 
any  other  medal.  Where  Mr.  C.  procured  this  medal  and  what 
its  local  history,  I  cannot  ascertain;  but  the  above  account 
of  it  disposes  of  the  impression  which  somehow  has  pre- 
vailed, that  it  was  the  copy  referred  to  by  Mr.  Miner,  or  had 
been  received  by  this  Society  from  the  Historical  Society  of 
Pennsylvania. 

2.  Point    Pleasant  Medal. — Obverse,   Military    bust    of 

George  I.,  draped  and  laureated,  facing  right,  and  2-16 
larger  than  the  head  of  No.  i.  Legend  the  same  as  No. 
I,  "George  King  of  Great  Britain."  Reverse,  Same  as 
No.  I,  except  that  the  hill  is  higher,  the  tree  shorter  and 
the  Indian  larger.  Plan chet  I -16  thick.  Brass.  Looped. 
Size  26. 

3.  Point  Pleasant    Medal. — Obverse,    Military    bust    of 

George  I.,  facing  left,  and  laureated.  Legend  Georgius, 
— Mag.  Br.  Fra.  et  Hit.  Rex.  Reverse,  Under  a  tree  to 
the  right,  which  follows  the  curve  of  the  planchet,  an 
Indian  is  standing  in  the  posture  of  one  about  to  run. 
He  holds  in  his  hand  a  bow  from  which  the  arrow  has 
just  been  discharged.     To  the  left,  under  a  second  tree 


SILVER  AND  COPPER  MEDALS.  ,, 

which  follows  the  left  cu,ve  of  the  planchet  is  a  deer 
ru„„,„g  at  f.^1  speed.  Between  the  I'dian  and  the  Z 
stands  a  bush  at  the  foot  of  which  lies  what  appeirs  to 

che^  v"  t'r  ^'"^  '?  "°  "'"  °"  '"^  -"^  "^- 
cnet  very  thin.     Brass.     Looped.     Size  i6. 

4.  Stearns  Mkdai..-0^,„.  and  ^„„.„  ,^^  ^^^  ^ 
2.     Copper.     Looped.     Size  26 
The  only  copy  of  this  George  1.  medal  tl,at  I  have  dis- 
covered m  sale  catalogues  of  coins  is  No.  2,8,  of  the   Tew 
ett  sale,   January,   ,876,  placed  among    B.fJ^MoiZ 
Hence,  supposed  to  be  a  copy  of  No.  2.  ^t  brought  ,^. 

.si  No  :;r  "" "" '"  "^  ^"^""^"  ^^'<^'  ^"-^ 

5.  Jenkins  MEDAL.-Ofe.«,  Military  bust  of  George  I 
.2-16  across  the  shoulders,  and  ij-.e  in  length,  Ihile' 
the  o  hers  are  .8-16  and  2,-,6.    The  hair  does  nor&U 
over  the  back  „  a  queue  but  is  confined  closely  by  th 
Hie    which   ,3  composed  of  ,2  leaves,  and  is  much 
smaller  than  the  others.      The  legend,  ■■C^.J/C^^t 
Gr.a>  Bruai„r  extends  over  ;^  of  the  circfmfer^cf 
while  m  the  other  it  is  only  about  5^.     Aw«.,  The  s"  n 
a  very  large  Indian  to  the  right  throwing  a  javelin  Ma 
verv  small  deer,  which  stands  to  the  leff  at  an  angle  of 
40°  from  the  Indian.     Copper.    Ve^- thick.    Si't 
lh,s  medal,  now  in  the  possession  of  Hon.  Steuben  lenk 
kms  of  Wyoming,  Pa.,  was  found  on  the  banks  of  the  Sus 
quehanna  at  Sunbury,  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Jenkins. 

A  copy  of  No.  2  is  known  to  be  in  the  Historical  Societv 
of  Pennsylvania.  It  is  described  in  Miner's  Hi  ttryTf 
Wyoming,  p.  37,  ,„d  i^  represented  there  by  an  engZnf 
I  will  be  recognized  as  a  duplicate  of  No  2.  M^ M  nf; 
gives  this  account  of  its  discovery.  After  a  gene^rri" 
cnption  of  the  remains  of  ancient  fortification  iftieWyo 
mms  Valley,  he  refers  to  one  "on  Jacobs'  Plain  ,  or  [he" 


r 


1' 


n 
Il- 


ly 


i6 


SILVER  AND  COPPER  MEDALS. 


upper  flats  in  Wilkes-Barre ;  "  gives  a  detailed  account  of 
its  appearance,  and  continues,  "in  1814  I  visited  this  fortifi- 
cation in  company  with  the  present  Chief  Justice  Gibson 
and  Jacob  Cist,  Esq.  The  whole  line,  although  it  had  been 
ploughed  for  more  than  thirty  years,  was  then  distinctly 
traceable  by  the  eye.  Fortune  was  unexpectedly  propitious 
to  our  search,  for  we  found  a  medal  bearing  on  one  side  the 
impress  of  King  George  the  First,  dated  17 14  (the  year  he 
commenced  his  reign),  on  the  other  an  Indian  Chief  It 
was  awarded  to  Mr.  Cist,  as  the  most  curious  and  careful  in 
such  matters,  and  by  him  was  deposited  with  the  Philadel- 
phia Historical  Society."  Mr.  Miner  adds,  in  a  note, 
"  Should  it  not  be  placed  with  the  Indian  relics  in  a  museum 
to  be  formed  in  Wilkes-Barre?"  I  courteously  commend 
this  suggestion  to  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 
I  think  Mr.  Miner  must  be  in  error  as  to  the  date,  as  none 
appears  on  the  engraving  of  the  medal,  and  none  appears  on 
any  of  the  four  medals  just  described. 

I  have  stated  that  this  medal  described  by  Mr,  Miner  is  a 
duplicate  of  No,  2,  but  if  the  engraving  given  in  Miner  is 
an  exaci  counterpart  of  the  medal,  it  should  be  classified  as 
a  variety  of  No.  2 — from  a  different  die.  In  the  engraving 
four  stars  appear  near  the  sun,  and  a  forest  of  trees  in  the 
distance  beyond  the  Indian  and  the  deer.  It  is  possible  that 
these  additional  figures  were  also  struck  on  the  medals  just 
described,  but  if  so,  they  have  dissappeared,  as  the  medals 
are  all  much  worn  and  corroded.  Other  copies  of  this 
medal  have  been  discovered  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania, 
but  I  have  had  no  time  to  ascertain  their  present  where- 
abouts. 

In  1835  ^^^^  Cohunbia  Spy  contained  the  following  item: 
"A  brass  medal  has  been  left  at  this  office,  which,  together 
with  several  articles  and  a  human  skull,  were  Jug  up  a  few 
days  since  in  Wrightsville,  York  county,  Penn'a.  It  bears 
on  one  side  a  head,  with  the  inscription,  "  George  King  of 


SILVER  AND  COPPER  MEDALS.  ,- 

Great  Britain"  and  on  the  ofl,«.  t  ,• 
and  a^ow  in  the  ac.  of  s!;:o  *"a  dee  "1."  1*  "'rr 
worn  as  an  ornament  in  the  no.^  o  earl  fr  '°  '^ 
found  also  two  others  of  similar  descn^tion '  ,  K  '  ,  "T 
-a  string  of  white  beads,  one  and  a  Ll  ~,  T  ''""'= 
some  red  paint  and  twent^  fi  >"d  a  half  yards  ,n  length- 
dated  ,7,6':"    //'"  ir^;  s^e.""*^''  ""^  °'  "'^■•'^h  "-» 

.0  the  canadfan^TJLr;  ■„T.h?:t;f  ^^"•'-r'^^ 

eighteenth  centuo-.     It  is  verv  do,  h^r  ,  u^  ^'-'"'  °'  *' 

s.ruc.  with  any  .Tfere„ce7,::Ltr:;^;';:xr '';;  "^ 

sents  on  the  Oivers,  the  head  of  LouL  X  V  'i  ^'i'" 
usual  Legend,  "ZWmi..  ^"/F  Z;  r  V  T' ,  "" 
Jftverse.  the  bust  of  the  n=     ..     ''      ,  '  '''  '^''''-  *«'•«• 

the  Dukes  of  B  rgunl  : rAl'"'  "^7  *^'  *^  "^'^  °f 
children  of  the  Dau'phit'  1^^^  ut  fZ'  ^^  '"^^ 
name  and  title      Surrnnn.i;       .1  *"^  respective 

This  medafwars'upp"sed  to  beT'f':.*^  "="'=  ^  "^^■" 
Louis  XIV    and  ^^21/°         .  '''"  '''^S'''"  '^"ies  of 

commemora;e:heS7t      orj:fBe:V"r'™^^'" 
was  used  by  the  French  p=  .  ?       ^"     ^^^^ever,  it 

ca^edvery  i  wh^TrasL^r/  t  Itif:!^'::^'  T" 

Quebec.  Mons.  Rhbume,  ct^tL  of  ZV"^'  "'" 
Museum,  Quebee,  aslrts  that  i  was  'a  1.  f  7'™"'^ 
granted  to  the  Indian  ehiefs  by  the  kiL  foT  •'"""■" 

these  large  silver  medals  wL  given  i>v^™"^■',"''  ^' 
George  III  The  histnri^i  jfT  ^  ''"''S'-'  "■  and 
birth'of  a,e  Du  e^Be   y  :  8  "1^,°^*="™'-^ 

.=rcre-tinT.*r^'-~^^^^^^^^^ 

P0.edbyfletterrmMrrS;T;rX'd:S 


^ 


r 


;» 


1  -     i 

I 

It       ^ 

'  ;■ 

i                  '.' 

i8 


SILVER  AND  COPPER  MEDALS. 


Quebec,  October  17,  1725,  who,  after  mentioning  the  Indi- 
ans, says:  "  Louis  XIV.,  had  sent  silver  medals  of  consider- 
able size,  on  one  side  of  which  was  his  portrait,  and  on  the 
other  that  of  the  Dauphin,  his  son,  and  that  of  the  three 
princes,  children  of  the  latter,  to  be  given  to  those  who 
should  distinguish  themselves  in  war.  To  them  has  since 
been  attached  a  flame  colored  ribbon,  four  fingers  in  breadth, 
and  the  whole  decoration  is  highly  prized  among  them. 
When  a  chief  dies  he  is  honorably  buried,  a  detachment  of 
troops  parade,  several  volumes  of  musketry  are  fired  over 
his  grave,  and  on  his  coffin  are  laid  a  sword  crossejl  with  its 
scabbard,  and  the  medal  under  consideration  fastened  upon 
them."  (Ai/i.  Jour.  Num.  XL  gj)  These  medals  are  so 
extremely  rare  that  I  judge  very  few  were  presented  to  the 
Indians,  or  else,  as  Mr.  Rhaume  suggests,  the  English  de- 
stroyed them  after  the  conquest  of  Canada. 

A  letter  is  extant  in  the  archives  of  Paris,  written  by 
Governor  Vaudreuil,  of  Canada,  under  date  of  September 
21,  1722,  in  which  he  says:  "I  have  received  the  letter  with 
which  the  Council  has  honored  me  and  the  twelve  medals 
bearing  the  portrait  of  the  king,  eight  small  and  four  large 
ones.  I  have  continued  to  be  careful  not  to  be  too  lavish 
with  this  favor  among  the  Indians,  and  to  give  them  only  to 
those  who  by  their  services  to  the  nation  deserve  them,  and 
to  those  whom  I  desire  to  bind  to  our  interest  by  this  mark 
of  honor." 

In  1727,  August  22,  M.  Beauharnais,  the  natural  son  of 
Louis  XIV.,  and  made  Governor  of  Canada  by  Louis  XV., 
wrote  as  follows  :  "  Since  the  death  of  Mr.  Vaudreuil,  the 
Rev.  Father  Jesuits  have  not  asked  medals  for  the  chiefs  of 
the  settled  Indian.',  for  whom  it  was  customary  for  them  to 
ask  some.  The  Rev.  Father  de  la  Chasse,  to  whom  the 
Marquis  de  Vaudreuil  had  given  one,  tells  me  it  is  absolutely 
necessary  to  provide  some  more.  I  have  received  proof  of 
this.     The  Indians  from  above,  when  they  come  down  to 


M 


SILVER  AND  COPPEK  MEDALS. 


I9> 


Montreal,  would  not  relievp  m^  r 
scvc.a,  who  have  .c^JTLu  ^T,  Sb?,  T'" 
you  to  enable  nic  to  satisfv  thcs<>  «.  ,  P'^^" 

do.e„  ,,™an  „K.dals  and tx  a.;,  olf  ^  UtU°  ''"'r  ■" 
not  sufficient  for  the  year  I  sInM  h  .,  \  """"'"=''  '" 
some  next  year,  but  I  shall  tat  L  7  "  ^°"°"'  '°  ^* 
be  valued  and  t^  give  Zm  onlvf  ,.  "'"  T  ""'"^  ""■™  «° 
then,  on  account  o'f  real  s Xtw*: 7"°  ^  "T'' 

o-?H:"rs;::tir:^™""--- 

assured  that  I  will  m,l,„  ,1,  '""«"=■  His  Majesty  may  be 
not  distribute  1  nTtept'  Tlltl  '"'  "'^'  '  ^''="' 
attachment  to  the  French'^li'  ,^t  ;:t;rTr' 
are  many  such  to  whr^m  t  i  ^»"wn  to  me.     As  there 

honour,  and  as  he  aZ t'u  'ro^orr'  '"■'  '  '^^  "^ 
against  the  Foxes,  places  LT„l:L'™'!"--dH-ons 

a  few  to  the  principal  Chiefs  of  the  E  wdton  T  K  ^'""^ 
Lord,  that  some  be  sent  me  next  yearstht  T  *"  T'  "^ 
abled  to  invest  them  with  this  mirk  of  h  7  ''"  """ 

renders  them  more  resoectlh  .  .  "°"'''  *'"'^''  "'=» 

t    mm"'?""  °"''""''°'  ^°^""°^  °f  Canada,  writes  thu. 
to  M.  Machault,  Minister  of  the  Colonies : 

"Abbe  Piquet's  mission,  report^dTV' f "  '''^ 
Indians  to  be  made  up  of  spiefo/  he  pfve^ltforha^'^t 

vniage  Who  had  ^^r.s:^^!:z^:-::^^^ 


r 


30 


SILVER  AND  COPPER  MEDALS. 


'  I 

"•      I 


and  they  have  expelled  one  of  the  brethren  who  was  sus- 
pected of  havinfj  an  F.nglish  heart." — (X.,  262.) 

December  20,  1756,  at  a  conference  between  M.  de.  Vau- 
deville, Governor  General  of  Canada,  and  the  Indian  depu- 
ties of  the  Ei^rht  Nations,  two  English  medals  were  sur- 
rendered.    At  which  time  Koucc,  an  Oneida  Chief,  said : 

"  Father,  we  cannot  retain  two  medals  which  we  have  for- 
merly had  the  folly  to  accept,  from  our  brethren,  the  English, 
as  a  mark  of  distinction.  We  acknowledge  that  these  Med- 
als have  been  the  true  cause  of  our  error  and  that  they 
have  plunged  us  into  bad  business.  We  strip  ourselves  of 
them.  We  cast  them  from  us  in  order  not  to  think  any 
more  of  the  English." 

Parkman,  in  his  fascinating  volume  on  Montcalm  and 
Wolfe,  describes  a  medal  worn  by  one  of  the  Abenakis  of 
St.  Francis,  as  seen  by  Roubaud  the  Jesuit  Missionary,  as 
having  "  the  king's  portrait  on  one  side,  and  on  the  other 
Mars  and  Bellona  joining  hands,  with  the  device  "  Vir/us  ct 
Honor." — //.,  ^80.  This  was  not  an  Indian  medal,  but  one 
of  the  many  bronze  medals  of  Louis  XV.,  struck  to  com- 
memorate home  events. 

What  medals  for  distribution  amongst  the  Indians  were 
struck  during  the  reign  of  George  II.,  of  England,  1727- 
1751,  I  have  not  been  able  to  learn.  During  the  reign  of 
George  III.  a  variety  appeared.  Dr.  E.  B.  O'Collaghan, 
whose  name  is  a  sufficient  guarrantee  of  the  correctness  of 
his  statements,  sent  the  following  note  in  1865  to  the  His- 
torical Magazine,  in  which  it  appeared,  September,  1865.— 
Seri'^s  /.,  Vol.  IX.,  285. 

"Sir  Danvers  Osborne,  after  he  had  been  appointed  Gov- 
ernor of  New  York  in  1753,  brought  out  among  other  pres- 
ents for  the  Six  Nations  thirty  silver  medals;  his  Majesty 
picture  on  one  side,  and  the  Royal  Arms  on  the  other,  with 


lo  was  sus- 


SILVER  AND  COPPKR  MEDALS.  j, 

».ray  one  „,ay  be  found  in  ,,o„,e  collcctiol~/'j  O  "^  ' 

thrcesizcs,  48-16  2£;-i6  nnri  ,Q       '''^'Y^o- 59-       Heg.vcs 

(?^?r/'./Bust  of  r      '""'  A      "  '"''  ^'"''^"'■'■b^«  't  thus: 
Uei  Gratia       y?.7;.rj^,  R^yal  Arms.      No  date      Si.e  ^9 
A  copy  of  this  medal  was  sold  in  the   leweU  CoH     / 
January,  [X76  for  sv  ,  nn  .„  ,  •     ,        .    -^       "  <-olIection, 
"  No     I  ,  r  TnT         7',  T    "  ^^•''^^'"'bed  there  tluis  : 
iNo.  1 14 1,  Indian  medal  (silver).     0/^vcnr  Rnc*   f  r 
III.     Vounfr  IinnH      /'  ;,    -^      ^^^^'-y^iiust  of  George 

'•■•^tribution  to  fhc  India         ,.;,  ,™  ■;;::''lr?''''^^  "" 
*an,cd   n-on,  .,.e  ,.„d.,o„  oi^J^^:;^^-^ 

In  tl,c  American  Journal  of  Numismatics  XII   ^S  will 
be  found  an  article  on  Mn  Old  Indian  Med    "  is   ,;.d'  .VT 
dunng  thereurnof  GcorfTP  TTT    k  •  '^■^"^<^  1757, 

callcd'-the  ■■  Friendly  A°ocii'„l'V°"^''^  '"  "'"-''■■Iphia 
ing  Peace  with  the^ndTa  ^"ScM:^"     /T": 

seatcd  at  a  Council  Fire  the  L  ■"'  ""^  "  ''■'"■"P'^" 

-.orpipeofpeace:;::;ards'rs7n:ri,::e"n;Sr'?r 
device  is  surro.mded  by  the  le-^end    "  I  If        ?    ,  ' 

Most  High   Who  hiessfd  our'^F.;"!  ^^^l^.^  ^i; 

r  oTr  :r";^t-;;:!ir  s  '"if '^^  4 

this  medal  No    -'iSe  W.h    '";'''•     ^'^^  28.     Bronze.     Of 
<?!  CO      A  "u        -^        "  ''''''''  January,    1876,   broutrht 

^1.50.     A  copy  brought  in  the  Nixsen  sale  October   rS. 
.3.00.     One  in  the  Cleveland  sale,  May,  18;;,^^   Three 


^l  ■ 


f.     f 


22 


SILVER  AND  COPPER  MEDALS. 


were  sold  in  the  Bushncll  sale,  June,  1882,  one  of  which 
was  in  Tin,  size  27^,  one  in  Silver,  and  one  in  Bronze,  each 
size  28.  Another  was  sold  also  in  the  Sampson,  sale,  Feb- 
ruary, 1884,  but  the  prices  of  these  last  have  not  been  learned. 

In  the  Cogan  sale,  December  20,  1877,  a  medal  was  sold, 
which  I  take  to  be  the  Philadelphia  medal,  described  h'jwever 
on  the  Reve/se  as  "  Wm.  Penn  offering  the  pipe  of  peace  to 
the  Indian." 

During  the  reign  of  George  III.  a  curious  Indian  medal 
appeared,  an  en^i.  ving  o"  which  is  before  me  in  Sandharn's 
Supplement  to  the  Canadian  Coinage  Mr.  McLachlan,  in 
the  very  interesting  paper  referred  to  above,  treats  of  it  at 
length.  A  copy  was  sold  in  the  Bushnell  sale,  June  20, 
1882,  No.  286,  for  «29.oo,  purchased  by  Mr.  McLachlan,  and 
is  thus  described  by  Mr.  Sandham,  Supplement,  No.  75  : 
Obverse,  View  of  Montreal  in  1760,  with  fortifications. 
"  Montreal."  In  exergue  in  an  oval  depression  the  letters, 
"D.  C.  F."  ^^'ww,  At  top,  engraved,  "Tankalkel."  In 
centre  in  Roman  letters  "Mohigeans."  Size  29.  Looped. 
Silver. 

A  copy  of  the  same  medal  sold  with  the  collection  of  I. 
F.  Wood,  May,  1873,  for  518.00,  but  it  was  struck  in  white 
metal. — {Wood,  No.  ii6g) 

Mr.  McLachlan  thinks  this  is  the  medal  referred  to  by 
Sir  Wm.  Johnson,  Bt,  in  his  diary  under  date  of  July  2 1 , 1 76 1 , 
vide  Stone's  Johnson,  II.  435,  where  he  says:  "Got  every- 
thing on  board  the  vessel  (for  Niagara),  there  met  the  Onon- 
daga and  other  cniefs.  When  assembled  I  bid  them  wel- 
come, &c.,  &c.  Then  delivered  the  medal  sent  me  by  the 
General  for  those  who  went  with  us  to  Canada  last  year, 
being  twenty-three  in  number."  Colonel  Stone  says,  (//., 
144),  "  these  medals,  by  order  of  Amherst,  were  stamped 
upon  one  side  with  the  Baronet's  Coat  of  Arms." — {Mc- 
Lachlan.    American  Journal  Numismatics,  XVIIL,  S  t-Sy) 

Mf.  McL.  refers  in  his  paper  to  an  excessively  rare  medal 


SILVEK  AND  COPPER  MEDALS.  3^ 

a  tree  on  the  -  st^:t:;rr  ;\  Xr.^^^^^^^ 

winle  Viiited."     Of  this  mfrbl  i  v.  '«end,    Afa/;>j, 

Professor  Jame     D    Butt   '  Lr"  n'f 'r "''"°"' 
Historical  Society  in  a  valuaht  '  °/  ""^  *'^^°"^'" 

Relics  of  the   Northw™  ^S/^?"""*^'^^''^  "'='»* 
So«V»  IX   ,,    """"""l  («tow«    WwOT^a  j%i&„V,j/ 

po:::^siof 'o  te'^HS^oirr  -i  ^  ^="r ' "°"  -  *^ 

Hn,ish  ana  K        ,r^^^^^^^  ^1^^^^  is  printea  in 

st-rrtn;;--'-'^-;^^^^ 

ti.e  Folles  Avoines  (^^LlZ^^'^l^Ti^-'^''  ^"'"" 

at  arms  at  Montreal    this  T       .  ""f  ^_^n^y  hand  and  seal 
ai.  iviuncreai,  this  seventeenth  dav  of  >?7/«-,/  / 

Defcnderof  the  Fa°r&f' ""•  ^™==  ^^^  '-'»d,  Kinf, 
XI  •    J  Frederick  HALDiMAvn  " 


ft 


H 


24 


SILVER  AND  COPPER  MEDALS. 


may  have  been  simply  some  of  the  regular  historical  medals 
of  Great  Britain  struck  in  connection  with  its  Canadian 
history. 

I  have  buc  one  other  medal  of  this  character  to  notice. 
Professor  Butler,  in  the  paper  above  referred  to,  gives  an 
account  of  a  Spanish -Indian  medal,  discovered  at  Prairie  du 
Chien,  about  1864,  and  now  the  property  of  the  Wisconsin 
Historical  Society.     Its  description  Is  as  follows : 

Obverse,  A  bust  24-16  in  height,  clearly  stamped.  Sur- 
rounded by  the  legend,  "  Carlos  III.,  Rcy  DEspana,  e  de 
Las  Indias  " — "  Charles  III.,  King  of  Spain  and  the  Indies." 
Reverse,  Within  a  wreath  of  Cactii,  which  is  tied  with  rib- 
bons, the  words,  " />or  merito"  the  word  "  merito  "  covering 
more  than  17-16.     Size  36;  silver,  weighing  jjd  grains. 

Professor  Butler  thinks  this  medal  was  presented  to. 
Huisconsin,  a  Mitasse  chief  of  the  Sauks  and  Foxes,  No- 
vember 20,  1 78 1,  by  Don  Francisco  Cruzat,  the  Spanish 
Governor. 

I  notice,  in  the  personal  Narrative  of  Capta-n  Thomas  G. 
Anderson,  who  was  active  under  the  English  in  the  capture 
of  Prairie  du  Chien,  during  the  war  of  18 12,  the  following 
record : 

"  Some  of  the  Indians  in  this  quarter  had  been  induced 
by  exaggerated  stories  from  the  enemy  to  surrender  the 
Royal  George  medals  which  they  had  received  as  tokens 
of  friendship  from  General  Haldimand,  Lord  Dorchester, 
and  other  prominent  commanders  in  the  early  days  of  Que- 
bec, for  those  of  the  American  eagle.  However,  they  soon 
returned  to  their  old  flag."  {Wis.  His.  Soc.  Col.,  vol.  IX., p 
196.) 

This  medal  has  the  Royal  Arms  on  the  Reverse,  with  the 
Lion  Supporters. 

I  have  examined  over  200  coin  catalogues  in  my  library, 
covering  a  period  of  thirty  years,  with  reference  to  the  med- 
als which  I  have  just  been  describing,  with  the  foregoing 


SILVER  AND  COPPER  MEDALS.  3. 

no.  been  exhausted  '  "  '  ""  """  *^  ''"''>"'>- 

It  may  not  be  generally  known  that  it  has  h„n  n, 
torn,  during  each  presidential  tern,  of    he  Uni  cj  StaT" 

meaais,  usually  round  or  oval  hear  r^n  i-u^    i.  , 

of  the  president  of  the  Un  kid  Stat.        ul         "''  '^'  ^"^' 
of  office-  on  fi.«  states,  With  his  name  and  title 

01  omce,  on  the  reverse,  some  device  such  n«  ti,„  p      -j 
offerinG-  his  h^nH  f^  -,      t   j-  *"^  President 

-^iJan^ttl^Co!";:!;!^^^^^^^^ 

of  these,  in  bron7P  ran  k^  r       j  •      ,  "^'^-     -^  '"11  set 

,       uiuiue,  can  be  found  in  the  Ruchnoii  o  i    / 

rrd:lTrra;;rrofa,r;T'"r"""^^-- 

Jacket  isoneofthisseriesTL         k         ''°   '■^"■'  "''  '^^'' 

f.:::.^ioi?/-rr-i^':ror^^^^^^^ 

1S77,  all  silver :  "^  °^  November, 

971.  Millard  Fillmore  Medal,  iS^o-SiVe  .r 

-n  silver,  ^4.25.     Sold  for  $5.50.     ^  ^' '  ^'"'2:^, 

972.  James  K.  Polk  Medat    i«^f      c- 

Brought  ^2.75.  '  ^^45-Size  33  ;  weight  ^2.33. 

973.  Zacharv  Taylor   Mbtiat      c- 

Brought  ^3.50.  ^^°^^-S.ze33;    weight    ^2.33. 

974-  Abraham  Lincoln  Medal— Si-7P  .« 
Brought  ^13.00.  Size  48  ;   weight  ^6.53. 

97'5-  Andrew  Tohnson  Mvr.Ar      c- 
Brought  S6.3S  M'^'^A'—S^e  48;   weight  S6.58. 


m 


r 


26 


SILVER  AND  COPPER  MEDALS. 


1*1 


I  am  sorry,  indeed,  that  I  have  no  fuller  account  of  so 
interesting  a  branch  of  American  Numismatics,  and  Amer- 
ican Indian  History,  than  that  which  I  have  just  presented 
to  you ;  but  having  drawn  these  facts  from  my  own  private 
library  exclusively,  we  may  judge  how  much  more  might 
have  been  written  with  larger  resources  at  hand. 


mm 


5unt  of  so 
md  Amer- 
presented 
wn  private 
lore  might 


